- Broadcast
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- A method of delivering a packet to
every host on a particular network or internet.
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Datagram
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The basic transmission unit in the
Internet architecture. A datagram contains all of the information
needed to deliver it to its destination. It is analogous to a letter
in the U.S. postal system.
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Distance Vector
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A lowest-cost-path algorithm used
in routing. Each node advertises reachability information and associated
costs its immediate neighbors, and uses the updates it receives to
construct its forwarding table. The routing protocol RIP uses a distance-vector
algorithm.
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DVMRP
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Distance Vector Multicast Routing
Protocol. Multicast routing protocol used by the majority of the
routers in the MBone.
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Encapsulation
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The operation, performed by a lower-level
protocol, of attaching a protocol-specific header and/or trailer
to a message passed down by a higher level-protocol. As a message
travels down the protocol stack, it gathers a sequence of headers,
of which the outermost corresponds to the protocol at the bottom
of the stack.
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- Forwarding Table
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- The table maintained in a router
that lets it make decisions on how to forward packets. The process
of building up the forwarding table is called routing. Thus
the forwarding table is sometimes called a routing table.
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- IGMP
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- Internet Group Membership Protocol,
allows hosts to signal routers that they would like to receive
a data stream. Routers in turn use IGMP to determine which interfaces
to flood multicast packets to and which multicast groups are on
which interfaces.
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- Link State
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- A lowest-cost-path algorithm used
in routing. Information on directly connected neighbors and current
link costs are flooded to all routers; each router uses this information
to build a view of the network on which to base forwarding decisions.
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- MBone
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- Multicast Backbone. A logical network
imposed over the top of the internet, in which multicast-enhanced
routers use tunneling to forward multicast datagrams across the
Internet.
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- Multicast
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- A special form of broadcst in which
packets are delivered to a specified subgroup of network hosts.
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| RPF |
Reverse Path Forwarding. The algorithm used
to determine the best route back to the source. The router examines
all packets received as inputs to make sure that
both source interface and address are in the table. It looks those up
in the routing table and compares them. If there is a match then accept
the packets, else discard them. |
- Subnetting
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- The use of a single IP network address
to denote multiple physical networks. Routers within the subnetwork
use a subnet mask to discover the physical network to which a packet
should be forwarded. Subnetting effectively introduces a third
level to the two-level hierarchical IP address.
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- Tunneling
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- The generalization of a secure connection
between a node in the public network and a virtual private network
(VPN) (i.e. ssh from a remote node to a corporate private network).
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- Unicast
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- Sending a packet to a single destination
host
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VPN
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- Virtual Private Network. A way to
use a public telecommunication infrastructure, such as the Internet,
to provide remote offices or individual users with secure access
to their organization's network.
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